fix flake8-bugbear B017
B017 `assertRaises(Exception)` and `pytest.raises(Exception)` should be considered evil. They can lead to your test passing even if the code being tested is never executed due to a typo. Assert for a more specific exception (builtin or custom), or use `assertRaisesRegex` (if using `assertRaises`), or add the `match` keyword argument (if using `pytest.raises`), or use the context manager form with a target.
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@@ -296,17 +296,17 @@ class Blockchain(Logger):
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def verify_header(cls, header: dict, prev_hash: str, target: int, expected_header_hash: str=None) -> None:
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_hash = hash_header(header)
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if expected_header_hash and expected_header_hash != _hash:
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raise Exception("hash mismatches with expected: {} vs {}".format(expected_header_hash, _hash))
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raise InvalidHeader("hash mismatches with expected: {} vs {}".format(expected_header_hash, _hash))
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if prev_hash != header.get('prev_block_hash'):
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raise Exception("prev hash mismatch: %s vs %s" % (prev_hash, header.get('prev_block_hash')))
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raise InvalidHeader("prev hash mismatch: %s vs %s" % (prev_hash, header.get('prev_block_hash')))
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if constants.net.TESTNET:
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return
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bits = cls.target_to_bits(target)
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if bits != header.get('bits'):
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raise Exception("bits mismatch: %s vs %s" % (bits, header.get('bits')))
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raise InvalidHeader("bits mismatch: %s vs %s" % (bits, header.get('bits')))
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block_hash_as_num = int.from_bytes(bfh(_hash), byteorder='big')
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if block_hash_as_num > target:
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raise Exception(f"insufficient proof of work: {block_hash_as_num} vs target {target}")
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raise InvalidHeader(f"insufficient proof of work: {block_hash_as_num} vs target {target}")
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def verify_chunk(self, index: int, data: bytes) -> None:
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num = len(data) // HEADER_SIZE
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@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ class Blockchain(Logger):
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def bits_to_target(cls, bits: int) -> int:
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# arith_uint256::SetCompact in Bitcoin Core
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if not (0 <= bits < (1 << 32)):
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raise Exception(f"bits should be uint32. got {bits!r}")
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raise InvalidHeader(f"bits should be uint32. got {bits!r}")
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bitsN = (bits >> 24) & 0xff
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bitsBase = bits & 0x7fffff
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if bitsN <= 3:
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@@ -553,12 +553,12 @@ class Blockchain(Logger):
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target = bitsBase << (8 * (bitsN-3))
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if target != 0 and bits & 0x800000 != 0:
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# Bit number 24 (0x800000) represents the sign of N
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raise Exception("target cannot be negative")
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raise InvalidHeader("target cannot be negative")
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if (target != 0 and
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(bitsN > 34 or
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(bitsN > 33 and bitsBase > 0xff) or
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(bitsN > 32 and bitsBase > 0xffff))):
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raise Exception("target has overflown")
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raise InvalidHeader("target has overflown")
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return target
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@classmethod
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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import os
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from electrum import constants, blockchain
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from electrum.simple_config import SimpleConfig
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from electrum.blockchain import Blockchain, deserialize_header, hash_header
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from electrum.blockchain import Blockchain, deserialize_header, hash_header, InvalidHeader
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from electrum.util import bfh, make_dir
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from . import ElectrumTestCase
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@@ -418,11 +418,11 @@ class TestBlockchain(ElectrumTestCase):
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# Make sure that we don't generate compacts with the 0x00800000 bit set
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self.assertEqual(0x02008000, Blockchain.target_to_bits(0x80))
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with self.assertRaises(Exception): # target cannot be negative
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with self.assertRaises(InvalidHeader): # target cannot be negative
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Blockchain.bits_to_target(0x01fedcba)
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with self.assertRaises(Exception): # target cannot be negative
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with self.assertRaises(InvalidHeader): # target cannot be negative
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Blockchain.bits_to_target(0x04923456)
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with self.assertRaises(Exception): # overflow
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with self.assertRaises(InvalidHeader): # overflow
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Blockchain.bits_to_target(0xff123456)
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@@ -441,20 +441,20 @@ class TestVerifyHeader(ElectrumTestCase):
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Blockchain.verify_header(self.header, self.prev_hash, self.target)
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def test_expected_hash_mismatch(self):
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with self.assertRaises(Exception):
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with self.assertRaises(InvalidHeader):
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Blockchain.verify_header(self.header, self.prev_hash, self.target,
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expected_header_hash="foo")
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def test_prev_hash_mismatch(self):
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with self.assertRaises(Exception):
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with self.assertRaises(InvalidHeader):
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Blockchain.verify_header(self.header, "foo", self.target)
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def test_target_mismatch(self):
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with self.assertRaises(Exception):
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with self.assertRaises(InvalidHeader):
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other_target = Blockchain.bits_to_target(0x1d00eeee)
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Blockchain.verify_header(self.header, self.prev_hash, other_target)
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def test_insufficient_pow(self):
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with self.assertRaises(Exception):
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with self.assertRaises(InvalidHeader):
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self.header["nonce"] = 42
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Blockchain.verify_header(self.header, self.prev_hash, self.target)
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@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from electrum.wallet import restore_wallet_from_text
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from electrum.address_synchronizer import TX_HEIGHT_UNCONFIRMED
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from electrum.simple_config import SimpleConfig
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from electrum.transaction import Transaction, TxOutput, tx_from_any
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from electrum.util import UserFacingException
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from . import ElectrumTestCase
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from .test_wallet_vertical import WalletIntegrityHelper
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@@ -91,14 +92,14 @@ class TestCommands(ElectrumTestCase):
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config=self.config)['wallet']
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cmds = Commands(config=self.config)
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# single address tests
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with self.assertRaises(Exception):
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with self.assertRaises(UserFacingException):
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await cmds.getprivatekeys("asdasd", wallet=wallet) # invalid addr, though might raise "not in wallet"
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with self.assertRaises(Exception):
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with self.assertRaises(UserFacingException):
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await cmds.getprivatekeys("bc1qgfam82qk7uwh5j2xxmcd8cmklpe0zackyj6r23", wallet=wallet) # not in wallet
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self.assertEqual("p2wpkh:L4jkdiXszG26SUYvwwJhzGwg37H2nLhrbip7u6crmgNeJysv5FHL",
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await cmds.getprivatekeys("bc1q2ccr34wzep58d4239tl3x3734ttle92a8srmuw", wallet=wallet))
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# list of addresses tests
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with self.assertRaises(Exception):
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with self.assertRaises(UserFacingException):
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await cmds.getprivatekeys(['bc1q2ccr34wzep58d4239tl3x3734ttle92a8srmuw', 'asd'], wallet=wallet)
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self.assertEqual(['p2wpkh:L4jkdiXszG26SUYvwwJhzGwg37H2nLhrbip7u6crmgNeJysv5FHL', 'p2wpkh:L4rYY5QpfN6wJEF4SEKDpcGhTPnCe9zcGs6hiSnhpprZqVywFifN'],
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await cmds.getprivatekeys(['bc1q2ccr34wzep58d4239tl3x3734ttle92a8srmuw', 'bc1q9pzjpjq4nqx5ycnywekcmycqz0wjp2nq604y2n'], wallet=wallet))
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@@ -111,14 +112,14 @@ class TestCommands(ElectrumTestCase):
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config=self.config)['wallet']
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cmds = Commands(config=self.config)
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# single address tests
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with self.assertRaises(Exception):
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with self.assertRaises(UserFacingException):
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await cmds.getprivatekeys("asdasd", wallet=wallet) # invalid addr, though might raise "not in wallet"
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with self.assertRaises(Exception):
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with self.assertRaises(UserFacingException):
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await cmds.getprivatekeys("bc1qgfam82qk7uwh5j2xxmcd8cmklpe0zackyj6r23", wallet=wallet) # not in wallet
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self.assertEqual("p2wpkh:L15oxP24NMNAXxq5r2aom24pHPtt3Fet8ZutgL155Bad93GSubM2",
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await cmds.getprivatekeys("bc1q3g5tmkmlvxryhh843v4dz026avatc0zzr6h3af", wallet=wallet))
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# list of addresses tests
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with self.assertRaises(Exception):
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with self.assertRaises(UserFacingException):
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await cmds.getprivatekeys(['bc1q3g5tmkmlvxryhh843v4dz026avatc0zzr6h3af', 'asd'], wallet=wallet)
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self.assertEqual(['p2wpkh:L15oxP24NMNAXxq5r2aom24pHPtt3Fet8ZutgL155Bad93GSubM2', 'p2wpkh:L4rYY5QpfN6wJEF4SEKDpcGhTPnCe9zcGs6hiSnhpprZqVywFifN'],
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await cmds.getprivatekeys(['bc1q3g5tmkmlvxryhh843v4dz026avatc0zzr6h3af', 'bc1q9pzjpjq4nqx5ycnywekcmycqz0wjp2nq604y2n'], wallet=wallet))
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@@ -721,11 +721,11 @@ class Abstract_Wallet(ABC, Logger, EventListener):
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def export_private_key(self, address: str, password: Optional[str]) -> str:
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if self.is_watching_only():
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raise Exception(_("This is a watching-only wallet"))
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raise UserFacingException(_("This is a watching-only wallet"))
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if not is_address(address):
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raise Exception(f"Invalid bitcoin address: {address}")
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raise UserFacingException(f"Invalid bitcoin address: {address}")
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if not self.is_mine(address):
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raise Exception(_('Address not in wallet.') + f' {address}')
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raise UserFacingException(_('Address not in wallet.') + f' {address}')
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index = self.get_address_index(address)
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pk, compressed = self.keystore.get_private_key(index, password)
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txin_type = self.get_txin_type(address)
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