capgains: updates
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% Capital gains reporting
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% Capital gains reporting
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Here is a quick intro to capital gains and tax reporting for investments, in the context of plain text accounting, as of 2025. Note this information here is unvetted, just my current understanding; so do your own research / use professional advice when appropriate.
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Do you feel confused about capital gains, FIFO and SpecId, and investment taxes ?
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Here is a quick intro, in the context of plain text accounting, as of 2025.
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This information is unvetted, just my current understanding; so do your own research / use professional advice when appropriate.
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If you have traditional investments or cryptocurrencies, you will typically incur
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If you have traditional investments or cryptocurrencies, you will typically incur
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- revenues (when you receive payments/gifts/airdrops/rewards)
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- revenues (when you receive payments/gifts/dividends/airdrops/rewards)
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- expenses (when you send payments/gifts/fees)
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- expenses (when you send payments/gifts/fees)
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- capital gains or losses (when you spend/sell/exchange an asset at a different price than its original cost)
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- capital gains or losses (when you spend/sell/exchange an asset at a different price than its original cost)
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@@ -68,11 +70,11 @@ Beancount has the most robust support, and there might be some third-party plugi
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hledger doesn't have this feature built in, but there are some third-party calculators which can use its data.
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hledger doesn't have this feature built in, but there are some third-party calculators which can use its data.
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(hledger-lots, lotter..)
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(hledger-lots, lotter..)
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If you are already using a PTA app (or if you can export to one), this might be more convenient than dealing with another app.
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If you are already using a PTA app, this might be more convenient than dealing with another app.
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However the current PTA gains calculators might be too limited to handle some situations, eg inter-wallet transfers.
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However the current PTA gains calculators might be too limited to handle some situations, eg inter-wallet transfers.
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### Export from a PTA app to gains/tax calculator
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### Export from a PTA app to gains/tax calculator
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For each PTA account representing a real-world investment account or cryptocurrency wallet,
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For each PTA account representing an investment account or cryptocurrency wallet,
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- export its lifetime history of transactions as CSV (single entry data)
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- export its lifetime history of transactions as CSV (single entry data)
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- transform this to the CSV format required by the gains/tax calculator, and import it there
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- transform this to the CSV format required by the gains/tax calculator, and import it there
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@@ -88,7 +90,7 @@ In the case of cryptocurrency, "wallet" has a broad meaning here:
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Ideally, you could export double entry data directly to the gains/tax calculator, which would be more robust.
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Ideally, you could export double entry data directly to the gains/tax calculator, which would be more robust.
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### Export from wallets to a cryptocurrency tax calculator
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### Export from wallets to a cryptocurrency tax calculator
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Like the above, but move the data directly from your cryptocurrency wallets to the tax calculator, without involving any accounting app.
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Like the above, but move the data directly from your cryptocurrency wallets to the tax calculator, without using any other accounting app.
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The tax calculator may be able to automate some or all of the exporting/transforming/importing; otherwise it must be done manually.
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The tax calculator may be able to automate some or all of the exporting/transforming/importing; otherwise it must be done manually.
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## Lots
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## Lots
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